India has taken a significant step forward in combating high cholesterol with the introduction of new guidelines tailored specifically for its population. Released by the Cardiological Society of India (CSI), these guidelines are designed to address dyslipidemia, a condition characterized by abnormal lipid levels in the blood, such as high cholesterol and triglycerides. This imbalance not only increases the risk of heart disease but also contributes to strokes and other cardiovascular complications, often without presenting any symptoms.

Dyslipidemia, often dubbed the “silent killer,” encompasses elevated LDL-cholesterol (bad cholesterol), high triglycerides, and low HDL-cholesterol (good cholesterol). It serves as a crucial marker for cardiovascular diseases, which are a leading cause of premature deaths in India.

To determine one’s lipid profile, a simple blood test is conducted, measuring total cholesterol levels including LDL and HDL cholesterol, as well as triglycerides. The guidelines recommend keeping cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL as a minimum standard for heart health.

Dr. JPS Sawhney, Chairman of the Lipid Guidelines committee, emphasizes the need for guidelines tailored to the Indian context due to varying environmental, genetic, and lifestyle factors influencing health outcomes. These guidelines aim to educate and empower individuals about the importance of managing lipid profiles for better heart health.

According to CSI’s study, low levels of HDL-cholesterol were prevalent across most Indian states, while high LDL-cholesterol was notably higher in northern regions, Kerala, and Goa. The guidelines advocate for non-fasting lipid measurements, shifting away from traditional fasting tests, to improve risk estimation and treatment effectiveness.

Managing cholesterol involves dietary adjustments, reducing high sugar and carbohydrate intake, while also incorporating medications like statins and non-statin oral drugs. For severe cases, injectable lipid-lowering drugs such as PCSK9 inhibitors are recommended.

The guidelines highlight specific risk factors such as diabetes lasting over 20 years and genetic predispositions, necessitating early detection and proactive management of cholesterol levels. Genetic dyslipidemia affecting millions in India underscores the importance of monitoring non-HDL cholesterol to prevent premature heart disease.

Early screening starting at age 18 is recommended to identify potential risks early on. Individuals at high risk are advised to maintain LDL-cholesterol levels below 70 mg/dL to mitigate cardiovascular risks effectively.

These guidelines mark a significant advancement in cardiovascular health management in India, aiming to reduce the burden of heart disease through targeted preventive measures and personalized treatment strategies.